The Crucible By Arthur Miller - 1075 Words

The Crucible by Arthur Miller is a drastic play overflowing with stereotyped characters. It takes place in Salem, Massachusetts in the year of 1692. There are suspicions of witchcraft taking place throughout the town. Abigail Williams is the start of it all. If you weren’t actually involved in all the witchcraft hysteria, you were to blame. John Proctor, an innocent Puritan farmer, was one to get involved. He had a fallacious reputation with Abigail Williams. Though Proctor was married, Abigail’s love for him still endured. She wanted him back, so the only way of doing so, she would have to get rid of his wife. Abigail not only got rid of Elizabeth, Proctor’s wife, she got rid of a lot more innocent people as well. They were hung if they†¦show more content†¦At the beginning of the play, his best possession is his name and the integrity associated with it. He didn’t want anyone to figure out he had an affair with Abigail, so he kept quiet. But in the end of the play, he confessed of being an adulterer. His attitude towards the whole thing changed. He cared deeply about his reputation and what people thought of him. Towards the end, he didn’t care. He wanted his wife out of jail, and put Abigail in. Proctor is not only motivated by his wife, he is motivated by honor. He wanted to have others respect him, but he deserved respect for himself. He demonstrated his notion of self-worth and sacrifice. Proctor stands for the truth and resists the social paranoia of the town. He is able to stand for his word and not sign a false accusation. He acted upon what he believed. Proctor is irritated with the whole witchcraft fiasco. He wants to put it to an end, along with Abigail. While Proctor was being accused of witchcraft by the judges, he decided to confess. He didn’t confess to being involved in the witchcraft, but he confessed about his adultery with Abigail Williams. He wanted to prove to the court that she had a moti ve for wanting to accuse Elizabeth Proctor of witchcraft. He wanted to make it evident to the court that Abigail’s desire to do away with his wife is what has driven her to accuse Elizabeth as well as the others. Proctor is in hope for discrediting Abigail in the eyes of the court. Thinking

My Windsor investigation Free Essays

string(82) " also visited the crooked house near the extremely small Queens Charlotte Street\." Tourism is the business of going on holiday and making services at the same time. This is more people being provided with jobs. There has been an increase in tourism, because people have more money nowadays to spend on holidays. We will write a custom essay sample on My Windsor investigation or any similar topic only for you Order Now There are many reasons for this. Some are paid holidays, cheaper flights, and more leisure time. All of these factors make it possible for a person to be able to go on holiday. Also, some parts of the government occasionally promote tourist areas which they support in making successful. There are quite a variety of tourist destinations. There are adventure holidays, such as Disney Land, beach holidays, such as Spain, which is most commonly associated with sunny weather and attractive beaches. Many also like to go on ski resorts, such as Switzerland and historical sites are as popular type of tourist destination. Windsor is a historical destination, because of its famous Windsor Castle. Tourism is important to Britain, as, creates employment opportunities, in turn improving Britain’s economic status. Tourism in popular places, such as Windsor builds a better reputation for Britain across other countries. In addition, the money tourists spend helps Britain economically. Tourism provides potential for future visits and business, and is a good way of creating cultural exchange, and allowing others to learn about the country and traditions within. Tourism offers the opportunity to diversify local economy and helps the conservation of famous sites around many different countries. A good tourist centre requires mainly exciting attractions. Most tourists would want tour guides to take them around places. Transport would be essential for being able to move from place to place properly. Most tourists like to shop for souvenirs so shops would be seen as something important for tourists if they wanted a reminder of their visit. Good accommodation such as hotels and places to eat, e.g. a fast food restaurant is what tourists would also need. Friendly people and a good, safe environment would also be something required by many tourists. A good place to live would require, first of all, houses to live in, good, clean, quiet environment. Families would want satisfactory schools for their children. Residents would want local superstores or shops, to buy food and luxuries etc. Hospitals and any other sort of medical aid is an essential for every resident living in a certain area, e.g. doctors, dentists. People would want places of entertainment to attend. These can be cinemas, pubs, and clubs or anywhere where a person may want to socialise. A resident would need some extent of safety and security to ensure that they are living in a safe environment in case anything should happen, so police would have to be in hand to help secure the area. Local job vacancies would be probably more convenient than essential for residents, and would be preferred by people living in Windsor. Car parking availability should be provided as well. Tourism affects Windsor in many ways; both in negative and positive ways. It can cause crowded streets, inflated prices, and traffic, parking difficulties, litter and pollution. Particular activities that tourists take part in contribute towards environmental damage. Purchasing of goods by tourists in Windsor cause inflated prices, which makes it difficult for most residents in Windsor to afford many of the things sold in stores. Litter and pollution make it increasingly difficult in Windsor to maintain cleanliness in the environment. Parking difficulties can cause conflict between residents and tourists, and make it tricky for either residents or tourists (or both) to actually travel anywhere or find a decent parking space which is convenient for them. However, on the other hang, tourism in Windsor encourages employment, raises status for Britain, improves facilities and it also helps to preserve historic sites such as its famous Windsor Castle. Tourism also brings more income to the country enhancing the state’s economic wealth. Windsor Windsor is on the west side of London, near Heathrow airport, in Berkshire. The attractions that Windsor has got are the Windsor Castle, Guildhall (where Prince Charles and Camilla Bowles got married), Lego land, and Curfew Tower. People visit these attractions, mainly for its historic content. Whereas many others visit it for the adventure of Lego Land. METHOD At the beginning of the project, our class had to learn about Windsor. We learnt many basic facts about Windsor, and the fact that it is a tourist destination. We did class work, engaged in discussions about Windsor, and had to research facts about Windsor as homework, as part of our own independent research. We also learnt about tourism itself, and its effects. The sources we used to gain this information were secondary sources. This was the internet, textbooks, the library etc. We then drew up an introduction to our project based on our knowledge about Windsor and tourism. Once learning about Windsor and tourism, we then practised the questions on each other in class in order to prepare us for the real thing. After using secondary research, we then moved on to using primary research. This was carrying out our surveys in Windsor. We went to Windsor on 3rd May. We travelled by coach for roughly one hour, and we arrived at a coach park. One of the first things we, as a group noticed was the large amount of other coaches that were there and lots of tourists that were coming out of the coaches. The first thing we did was had a tour around the area. There were signposts displaying greetings in many different languages. Some of which were French, German, and Japanese. We passed many tourist shops and many high street shops, which also exist in London, and were obviously aimed at the residents. We then took a visit to the River Thames, which was a lot narrower in Windsor, than in London and we saw many swans. We visited Peascod Street and the Guildhall. We also visited the crooked house near the extremely small Queens Charlotte Street. You read "My Windsor investigation" in category "Papers" Nearby, was Nell Gwynne’s House, where Shakespeare wrote one of his famous plays â€Å"Merry Wives of Windsor†. We witnessed the changing of the guards, and visited the outside of the castle. It was very big, with guards standing at the entrance, with lots of tourists coming in and out, mostly looking at their maps for directions. We also saw the â€Å"long walk†. We then all gathered around the castle, from where we were distributed into small groups of mostly four. We had to go around asking our questions to the people who looked like residents and people who looked liked tourists. We had to do this to five of each. This was easy for me and my group. We approached the people in a polite way and asked the questions in the survey thoroughly. The residents were very polite and enthusiastic. However, although it was very easy to interview the residents, the tourists were more difficult to obtain our results from. The reason we felt for this was because many of them were foreign and had difficulties speaking English. However, in the end, we received our results, and our (me and my group’s) research was successful. This was because we managed to obtain a balanced sample of people to interview. We tried to make sure we interviewed people of different ages and genders. This is important, as a balanced opinion is needed to give fair results, and a better insight into the people’s views about the topic. When we finished our surveys, we were allowed to have some free time to eat and rest. We then met up at an agreed time back outside the castle, from where we took off and left to come back to school. MY RESULTS This graph shows us how the tourists rated the facilities in Windsor. This shows me that the residents think that the best things in Windsor are the signposting, the historical interest, the cleanliness and the friendliness. The fact that the tourists find the residents friendly possibly shows that the residents do not mind the tourists being there and that there isn’t a conflict of interest between tourists and residents in Windsor. The things that the residents rated the lowest were the value for money and the amenities. This means that the prices are expensive in Windsor and the tourists see this as a problem. This graph tells me what the tourists I surveyed thought that needed improvement in Windsor. This graph tells me that the tourists think that the shops and pedestrian areas need least improvement in Windsor, but parking and availability of toilets is limited and a problem for the tourists in Windsor. This shows that there could be a conflict of interest between the tourists and residents, as it appears to be a battle of who can get parking spaces etc. This graph shows us what attractions the tourists prefer to go to. This graph tells us that most of the tourists do not like Lego Land as an attraction to visit in Windsor nor do they like the tours around the area. I think this is, because all of the tourists surveyed were adults and were without children so were not expected to go to Lego Land. The most popular tourist attractions in Windsor are the river and the shops. The shops in Windsor were very good, as they had all of the things a tourist would look for, e.g. souvenirs. This pie chart shows me how many tourists were willing to visit Windsor again. This graph shows me that 16 (80%) out of 20 tourists are willing to visit Windsor again, and 4 (20%) aren’t. This statistic could be used to conclude that Windsor is in fact a successful and satisfying tourist centre and that there isn’t a conflict of interest between the tourists and the residents in Windsor. This graph shows me if the tourists were willing to recommend visiting Windsor to their friends or family. 19/20 said yes, they would. That is 95%. Only one person said they wouldn’t recommend Windsor to friends and family. This shows me that the tourists enjoyed their visit to Windsor. + This graph shows us what problems the tourists cause in Windsor. From my results, I can judge that the biggest problems tourists in Windsor cause are parking difficulties and crowded streets. This could be a cause for conflict between the tourists and residents. The least problems caused by tourists, according to my graph, shows inflated prices and too many shops aimed at tourists. These results are surprising, as a successful tourist centre like Windsor would be expected to have high prices, which would affect residents living in the area. This graph illustrates whether the residents avoid shopping in certain areas because of the tourists. I can see from my results that most of the residents do not avoid shopping in any parts of the town, because of the tourists. This could be because the tourists and residents go to different kinds of shops, i.e. tourists would be expected to go to shops which sell things for tourists, e.g. souvenirs etc., whereas residents are more likely to go to a superstore. The other argument could be that the residents and tourists get along well with each other, and have no problem with going to the same shops, which would prove that there is no conflict of interest. This graph shows us what benefits the tourists bring to Windsor. This graph tells me that the biggest benefits that tourists in Windsor bring to the town are employment, income, and preservation of historic sites. All of these things show the most obvious benefits which tourism would bring to an area. The least benefits they bring to the town are status. This result is particularly surprising, as I expected people to say Windsor’s status has been affected by tourism, especially as Windsor is popular as a tourist destination, and this is widely known. This graph shows us how the residents rate the facilities in Windsor. This graph shows me that the residents think that the historical interest, the pedestrian areas, and the food in cafes and restaurants are the best things in Windsor. The tourists in Windsor agreed that the historical interest in Windsor is good as well as the food. However, they think that parking and amenities aren’t very good in Windsor. I think that this is because of the tourists being in Windsor. Parking availability would probably be a lot better if there were no tourists visiting Windsor, as well as amenities provided there. This graph shows us what the residents think would improve Windsor. This graph shows me that the residents would want the biggest changes made to supermarkets, toilets and parking spaces. The toilets and parking spaces could be a cause of the tourists and the residents wanting to improve these things could mean that they have a problem or problems with the tourists’ visits. The things that the residents think need the least improvement are the shops aimed at tourists, the amount of tours, and the opening times of the castle. This graph shows us who the residents think the council favours more. From these results, I can see that the changes introduced by the council have mostly got the balance right between the tourists and residents. This means that Windsor is not only good as a tourist centre, but as a residential area too, which means that the residents in Windsor are satisfied with where they live. This is true, as there were no residents who thought the council favoured the tourists more, but a minority said the residents were favoured more. This graph tells us if there is a conflict of interest between the tourists and residents. Most of my residents said ‘no’. This shows me that generally, the residents do not think there is a conflict of interest between the residents and the tourists. RESULTS Tourists Results: There were many streets/areas which seemed to be aimed at the tourists. Some of these were: 1 Thames Street 2 Station Parade 3 Castle Hill 4 Eton All of which have particular things to attract the tourists, which stands out from the rest of the areas in Windsor. Most of the tourist sample came from the UK, with 11/20, however a similar amount of tourists came from abroad with 9/11. This shows no correlation between Windsor and the tourists who visit it. Most of the tourists i surveyed travelled to Windsor by car, which were 8/20. This shows me possibly that most of the tourists were independent visitors. The least used transport to Windsor by the tourists was a bus. The most popular of attractions for the tourists was the river, the Guildhall, and the shops. 50% of the tourists said they would be visiting the river, and 30% of the tourists said they would be visiting the Guildhall, which is still quite a low score. But, with the highest score, 60% of the tourists said that they would be shopping in Windsor on that day. The tourists rated all of the facilities in Windsor over four, with the exception of only a few. These were: 1 Value for money 2 Amenities (such as toilets) 3 And information on things to do. These however, still scored a rating of over three, which is still a high score, which shows that Windsor is good as a tourist centre, as it provides all of the needs for tourists. The most popular facilities were: 1 Signposting 2 historical interest 3 cleanliness 4 and friendliness These are all very important elements needed for a site to be particularly successful for tourism. Signposting is needed for guidance around the area, and since they were written in many different languages, this is extremely helpful for foreigners. A clean environment is needed for not only a tourist, but residents too. Tourists want a place to feel safe from insanitary when they are visiting somewhere to enjoy themselves. Friendliness also is a very important factor in being successful as a tourist site. Tourists want to feel welcome, and wanted there. If there wasn’t any friendliness in Windsor, the tourists would probably be put off, and not want to visit Windsor again. 80% of the tourists said they would visit Windsor again, and 20% said they wouldn’t, which shows Windsor is a big preference for the tourists, and they were impressed by the visit. 95% of the tourists said they would recommend visiting Windsor to a friend or member of family. Residents Results: There were many streets/areas which seemed to be aimed at the residents. Some of them are: 1. Peascod Street 2. Kind Edward’s Court 3. High Street/Thames Street 4. Around the station From my residents’ sample, I found out that every one that i surveyed lived in Windsor for at least 6 months. A few which I interviewed had been living in Windsor for: 19 years, 28 years, 50 years, 65 years, 40 years, 66 years, etc. So a lot of the residents i surveyed had been living in Windsor most of their lives. All of my residents said they visited the town centre at least once every two weeks. The majority visited the town centre daily, which shows that Windsor is a good place to live in; otherwise my residents wouldn’t have said this. The results from my residents chart shows me that on average, the residents think tourists do not Bring that many problems to the town. However, the problems they did bring were: * Crowded streets * And parking These could cause a conflict of interest between the tourists and residents, as this would mean residents/tourists cannot go to certain places, as they have to worry about parking their car, or be worried about crowded areas. The least problems they caused were: * Inflated prices * Traffic * And shops aimed at tourists. Although the tourists think that there is a problem with crowds, they do not think there is much traffic to the extent of being a problem. This can be expected, as the tourists spend their time walking around more in groups, than using means of transport. The residents all rated the facilities in Windsor over 2.5, which is slightly less that what the tourists rated the facilities. This (although vague) shows that the tourists prefer Windsor to the residents. The lowest scored facilities were the parking and amenities. The tourists share this same problem, as they rated amenities as one of their lowest. This suggests that the council in Windsor should put this as one of their main priorities for improving Windsor for the residents and tourists. The highest rated facilities by the residents were: historical interest, pedestrian areas, and cafes/restaurants. The tourists also rated the historical content of Windsor highly as well. The biggest changes residents thought would improve Windsor for the better were: * Toilets (80%) * Supermarkets (70%) * And parking (85%) The tourists share the same view about toilets and parking. However, compared to the residents, a lot less suggested improvement for these things. 25% of my tourists suggested improvement to toilets and 25% of tourists suggested improvement to parking. The least changes suggested by the residents were for: * Shops (70%) * Amount of tours (70%) * Opening times of the castle (70%) The tourists also agreed that shops didn’t need improvement, (90% said this). Overall, tourists appear to be more content with Windsor than the residents. The most changes needed are for parking and amenities (toilets). This means that the council needs to take this into consideration in order to improve Windsor for tourists and residents. EVALUATION OF RESULTS I can conclude, from everything I have found out, using my graphs/results that Windsor is a successful tourist centre. I have collected sufficient information in backing up this point, which gives me full confidence in stating this. In asking my tourists to rate particular things in Windsor, all were rated over 3 out of 5 for a score, and 8/14 being scored 4 or over. This showed me that as a whole, tourists are satisfied with the content of Windsor and the different services it provides as a tourist destination. Most of the tourists didn’t feel that Windsor needed any improvement, and 80% of my tourists agreed that they would be coming to visit Windsor again in the future. There is some evidence according to my results to suggest that there is a conflict of interest between the tourists and residents in Windsor. A lot of the residents i surveyed claimed they had problems with the crowds and lack of parking availability which was caused by the tourists. This is/would be seen by the residents as inconvenient to a large extent i.e. Windsor is their home and having to live there whilst having no parking space for their car would be very hard to deal with, especially when having to go to work or travel for other needs essential to the residents. Another thing a lot of the residents I interviewed were displeased with was the lack of amenities served in the area such as toilets. This could be because of tourists constantly using them during their visit to Windsor, which a resident could find to be annoying especially if they are out all day, and cannot go home. However besides these facts, I found the residents to be overall fine with the tourists’ visits to the popular town, and felt that there was a friendly atmosphere between the residents and tourists. A considerable amount of residents said that there were no places in the town they avoided shopping in because of the tourists. Also, most of my residents agreed that tourists did bring employment, income and were the cause of conservation of historic locations such as the Castle. The residents rated most of the facilities in Windsor over half, which shows approval of Windsor, including tourism. 16/18 of the residents believed that the council favoured both the residents and the tourists, making sure the balance was right and that neither was losing out. Finally, from the results I have assembled, I can see that the majority of residents I surveyed throughout my trip to Windsor said that there was no conflict of interest between the residents and tourists. The council, however has managed to try resolve the little bit of conflict between the tourists and residents by making sure to fulfil the residents’ needs, by providing them with advantages as citizens in Windsor. One way they have successfully managed to do this, is by providing the residents in Windsor with Advantage Cards. These cards allow residents in Windsor to attend attractions such as The Castle with discounts. Special offers are also given on tour guides around the area’s best attractions. Supplementary litter bins have been made for enhanced hygiene for the residents. Finally, further parking spaces have been set up to the residents’ advantages to ensure no parking difficulties occur, which don’t allow residents to park their cars whilst the tourists are visiting. EVALUATION OF METHOD On our visit to Windsor, the day went generally well. Firstly, the atmosphere was very good. There was a huge mixture of people from different backgrounds and areas, so it was very multicultural. It was a clean, tidy area, with hardly any litter lying around, which showed it was well maintained. I liked the attractions in the area, the shops, and just generally the things in the area. It was a good looking place, mostly because of its cleanliness, and quiet streets. The good weather added to the scenery. The interviews went considerably well. The people in the area were very polite, and welcoming. Most of the people cooperated, in helping me and my group fill in our survey. They seemed very enthusiastic. I was able to get an adequate amount of residents and tourists to fill out my survey, which obviously helped me a lot for my coursework, in creating my graphs and evaluating my results. All of the people I interviewed appeared to understand the meaning and the context of the questions which I asked them, and easily answered them, which was convenient and time-saving for my group. On our day to Windsor, I encountered minor problems. One of these was when I was looking for tourists to interview for my survey. A lot of the tourists at first kept refusing to do the interviews when requested. Some couldn’t speak English which appeared to be the reason. It took a long time to find five tourists who were willing to cooperate, but eventually we did, however it was really time-consuming. I had a few problems when doing my Windsor coursework. One problem was being able to follow up on work inside and outside of school. I also had problems with attendance, which caused me to fall behind slightly at first with my coursework. Occasional difficulties with understanding parts of the project drew me back slightly, but help from my teacher and peers helped me overcome these drawbacks. I managed to get a balanced sample of people to interview. I tried to obtain fair results by interviewing as many men as I could women, and tried to interview people from different age categories. I managed to do this, by referring to my survey and seeing who I had to interview. It is important to have a balanced sample, so that the results I receive are accurate and reliable. CONCLUSION From the start of my Windsor project, my aim has been to successfully answer three questions about Windsor: 1. Is Windsor a successful tourist centre? 2. Is there a conflict of interest between residents and tourists? 3. What has been done to try to solve any conflict of interest In trying to accomplish these questions, I can finally conclude that from all of the information I collected in the duration of this project I have found Windsor to be a very successful tourist centre. The tourists I surveyed agreed that among many other positives in Windsor, the popular destination has good historical content and attractions and is full of friendly people. The tourists were willing to visit the town again in the future and even recommend it to friends and family. Windsor provides the tourists with wide varieties of ways to enjoy themselves and makes sure they have a good visit. The attractions such as Eton, the Guildhall and others play a big part in this as well. I have concluded in confidence as well that there is generally no conflict of interest between the residents and the tourists. The residents seemed happy to be accompanied by the tourists and this was shown through the survey I carried out, where the residents thought the tourists brought benefits to the town such as employment, status, preservation, income. My residents also said there was no conflict of interest between the residents and tourists in Windsor. Any minor conflicts in Windsor between the tourists and residents have been dealt with by the council. The council has introduced Advantage Cards which give residents in Windsor special advantages to visiting attractions, and allowing them discounts and offers on tours. Additional litter bins and parking spaces were also produced so that the residents and tourists have an equal balance in being provided with needs and wants. How to cite My Windsor investigation, Papers

Facing Racism Essay Example For Students

Facing Racism Essay Teenage WastelandParent/Child relationships are very hard to establish among individuals. This particular relationship is very important for the child from birth because it helps the child to be able to understand moral and values of life that should be taught by the parent(s). In the short story Teenage Wasteland, Daisy (mother) fails to provide the proper love and care that should be given to her children. Daisy is an unfit parent that allows herself to manipulated by lacking self confidence, communication, and patience. Daisy lacks self confidence which made it harder to raise her fifteen year-old son Donny. There were many instances where Daisy pondered on what she can do better to help Donny in school, but as she put forth an effort, she always resisted. She remembered when Amanda was born. Donny had acted lost and bewildered. Daisy had been alert to that of course, but still, a new baby keeps you busy of course.(570) When Daisy saw this happening, she never stopped to reassure Donny that even though he had a sister, it was not going to change their relationship. Daisy should have reassured her son by correcting the problem as soon as it surfaced, then Donny should have understood. When Donny started to have problems in school, Daisy gave up without trying, and let a tutor dictate her sons activities especially when the teacher questions Daisy about Donnys actions, Daisy replied, Oh Im sorry, Miss Evans, but Donnys tutor handles these things now (572) In school Donnys behavior changed soo drastica lly that he started to stay out late and Daisy just sat back and let this happen. The tutor had sat down so many rules!She were not allowed any questions at all about school, nor were to speak with his teachers,Only one teacher disobeyed(572) Because Daisy didnt believe in herself or her word, she let others control and therefore his behavior worsened. Communication is the number one aspect of relationships because it is what allows the parent /child to become more familiar with each ones thoughts and feelings. But he tells us he doesnt have any homework or he did it all in study hall. How are we supposed to know what to believe?(569) This example shows that Donny and Daisy are very distant. Daisy should have looked over his homework to show consideration as a parent to correct and make sure his work is completed, but instead she put too much trust in him that he took advantage of her. Patience is needed to help build a positive relationship with one another in order to get better results. Even though Daisy is raising more than one child, both of them require the same amount of attention. Youll never guess what happened at., Amanda would begin, a Daisy would have to tell her, Not now honey.(569) Daisy seemed as though she set high expectations for her children and gave up easily as she attempted to help him with his homework. She sat next to him as he worked, trying to be encouraging, sagging inwardly as she saw the poor quality of everything he did-the sloppy mistakes in math, the illogical leaps in English(569) If Donny noticed that his mother had patience with him while he did his school work, then maybe Donny would not hesitate or feel intimidated to seek help from his mother. Parent/Child relationships are very important for the child to have in their life. In this story, the author portrays many examples on what kind of a parent Daisy is. Many of these examples can be related to relationships today to show that many parent lack something that separates them from their loved ones that breaks the communication process. These relationships should be consist and positive in order for the child to grow with values that help them in the future so they can play an important role in their life.

Whats New in WordPress 5.0, Plus What to Expect From the Block-Based Editor

Each time a new version of WordPress rolls out, were all excited about getting to play with its new features. However, few versions in the past have garnered as much buzz around them as WordPress 5.0 because of these two simple words:  the new block-based editor otherwise known as Gutenberg.No, were not talking about the German guy from the 1400s. Gutenberg is a complete redesign and re-imagination of the WordPress editor. With the new version of WordPress already here WordPress 5.0 the default way that people create content with WordPress has changed radically.Big changes to your favorite platform can be difficult to accept. However, even massively popular platforms such as WordPress need to adapt to the times, or risk losing market share. Gutenberg is a bold leap forward, and its not the only update thats coming up.In this article, were going to discuss what makes WordPress 5.0 unique in comparison to previous releases, and then well get into what to expect from WordPress 5.0 and the Gutenberg editor. Lets talk about the future! Want a handy cut-out-n-keep cheat sheet for WordPress 5.0? We have one for you here. It reveals all the shortcuts, tips, and tricks that WordPress 5.0 has to offer.Preview:WordPress 5.0 is a bigger jump than recent major updatesIf youve been using WordPress for a while, then youll know how much the platform has changed over time. Even individual updates often bring significant shifts. For example, the 4.9 Tipton update enabled users to schedule design changes in the WordPress Customizer so they can go live at later dates, just like post drafts.WordPress 4.8, on the other hand, brought us plenty of widget updates. For example, if you wanted images in your widgets in the past, you had to add them manually. Now, there are three dedicated media widgets for image, audio, and video files.Another of our favorite features of 4.8 was the option to check up on nearby WordPress events right from your dashboard, which is handy if you want to do some networking:However, all the changes weve mentioned so far are pretty incremental. Theyre useful, but not exactly game-changing. Most WordPress updates have been more about taking small steps forward rather than major leaps  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ that is, until WordPress 5.0.What to expect from WordPress 5.0WordPress 5.0 is kicking incremental to the curb with some pretty major changes. The biggest is the aforementioned  block-based editor, which well talk more about in a moment.But WordPress 5.0 also marks a change to how the platform handles releases. It used to be the case that you could count on getting two major WordPress releases per year, with plenty of mini-updates in the meantime.Now, the WordPress core team is planning on moving away from that scheduled release model. The idea is that by removing the pressure of predetermined deadlines, the platform will be able to take more significant leaps, and we wont get updates that feel as though they lack in meaningful content.Aside from that, here are a few of the other significant changes that make WordPress 5.0 a very interesting upgrade:The platforms focus is moving towards a more intuitive site-building experience.  WordPress already leads the pack in terms of market share. And by improving WordPress site-building functionality, the core team aims to hold that market share against the rise of hosted website builders.Some improvements to the WordPress Rest API.  The WordPress Rest API helps developers create more feature-rich products by making it easier to send and pull data from your website. This update means developers will be able to more easily create applications using the platform as a framework.Building custom themes becomes easier.  In the past, you needed at least a simple development background to put together a WordPress theme. With Gutenberg, theme creation will become much more accessible thanks to blocks.Page builder plugins might  lose some relevance.  There are a lot of fantasti c page-builder tools  that you can use with WordPress, some of which rival professional platforms. Gutenberg wont be a match for them at first, but it might dissuade people from using them in the long run.What the block-based editor means for youThe launch of Gutenberg means that youll need to get acquainted with a whole new editing experience.âš  Ã¯ ¸  Dont panic if you dont want to use the Gutenberg Editor, youll still be able to keep the classic editor by installing the official Classic Editor plugin.One more important thing is that you dont have to settle for whatever set of features Gutenberg comes with right out the gate. We already have a range of add-on plugins that work with Gutenberg to deliver some cool goodies. Chief of them being additional content blocks.For instance, check out Otter Blocks, our own plugin that adds quite a handful of new blocks to Gutenberg. Including: Services, Pricing, Testimonials, Google Map, Sharing Icons, Pie Chart, Notice, Click to Tweet, and more. Gutenberg Blocks and Template Library by Otter Author(s): ThemeIsleCurrent Version: 1.2.5Last Updated: September 10, 2019otter-blocks.zip 96%Ratings 113,328Downloads WP 5.0+Requires For more details about how the editor works, you can check out our complete Gutenberg Editor guide.Gutenberg affects themes and plugins, tooAside from your own editing experience, Gutenberg also brings important changes to a lot of your favorite plugins and themes. For example, well probably see the emergence of a lot of Gutenberg-friendly themes, which will be designed to take advantage of all the new features the editor offers.Weve already seen a couple of interesting themes being released, such as Atomic Blocks and even the new default theme, Twenty Nineteen that proclaim their Gutenberg-first focus. And existing themes are no slouches either. Popular themes like Neve and Hestia now come with full Gutenberg compatibility too.Similarly, youll see changes with some of your favorite pl ugins. A lot of plugins interact with the WordPress editor directly, whether thats to add new functionality or include shortcodes. Those plugins will need to become Gutenberg compatible, unless they want to alienate a large part of their user base. Years from now, it might even be common to find plugins that only support Gutenberg.Heres how to get the most out of WordPress 5.0First, you ought to get familiar with the basics of how to work with the new block-based content editor, since it is the biggest change in WordPress 5.0.Even though the editor is very straightforward, you can make things even easier on yourself by checking out the handy cheat sheet for WordPress 5.0 that we have over here. Theres even a printable version that can serve as a quick reference file by your desk.Preview:What do you think of this newest WordPress release? Are you excited that the new block-based editor now allows for more custom content design than was previously possible? Share your thoughts in the comments section below! Here's what to expect from #WordPress 5.0 and the new #Gutenberg Editor

psychological analysis of A Cry in the Night essays

psychological analysis of A Cry in the Night essays Deceiving is the first word that comes to mind when thinking about this novel. Throughout this novel, many things and many people are very deceiving. Mary Higgins Clark, who is a very talented author who resides in Saddle River, New Jersey, wrote A Cry In The Night. She is described as the Queen of suspense, which fits her very well; this novel was filled with suspense from beginning to end. A Cry In The Night started off with a calm heart warming plot, with a rich talented artist coming in and sweeping a struggling single mom off her feet. Jenny MacPartland, the main character was working at an art gallery in New York City owned by Mr. Hartley. She was setting up, and stepped outside the gallery to view one of the artists paintings in the window. As she stood mesmerized by Memory of Caroline she stepped back and unknowingly bumped into the man that would change her life forever. She spun around and saw Erich Krueger, the artist whose work was being exhibitioned. After the fun fille d day she spent with him, she thought her life would be making a dramatic turn for the good, or so it seemed. But her good friend Fran said it best, hes too perfect, implying that underneath his perfect guise was something wrong. She was right, but it wasnt just wrong, it was horribly wrong. This report will examine and scrutinize the novel from a sociological view. The analysis will include the values, status, role conflicts, and relationships of the main character, and the cause, classification, norms broken, and sanctions of the deviant character. A cultural trait is the smallest element in a culture. A cultural trait can be material like a tangible object or non-material like an action, superstition, or belief. Two extremely important and highly representative material traits from the novel are Erichs hockey stick and his mothers green nightgown. The hockey stick was fir...

All About Exterior Paint Problems and How to Fix Them

All About Exterior Paint Problems and How to Fix Them What are the safest ways to remove paint? Does exterior paint need to be taken off down to the bare wood? Do heat guns really work? These are questions homeowners around the world face. You are not alone. Fortunately, the paint problems of one persons home are the same faced by other homeowners. Believe it or not, the  U.S. Department of the Interior has come to the rescue. It wasnt until 1966 that the U.S. became serious  about preserving its historic heritage. Congress passed the National Historic Preservation Act and charged the  National Park Service (NPS)  with supporting historic preservation programs and activities. Their handy series of preservation briefs are geared toward historic buildings, but the information is great professional advice that anyone can use. Exterior Paint Problems on Historic Woodwork,  Preservation Brief 10, was written by Kay D. Weeks and David W. Look, AIA for the Technical Preservation Services. Although written back in 1982 for historic preservationists, these recommendations are good starting points for homeowners to come to terms with what needs to be done. Here is a summary of the historic preservation guidance and expertise for painting exterior wood siding - with links to more information from the original brief. Selecting the Safest Method to Remove Paint Removing paint involves work - that is, the manual labor of abrasion. How much time and effort are put into paint removal (or paint preparation) is a judgment call and may be the most difficult decision you make. Basically, you can remove paint from your homes exterior siding by three methods: 1. Abrasive: Rubbing, scraping, sanding, and generally using friction. Use a putty knife and/or a paint scraper to dislodge anything loose. Then use sandpaper (orbital or belt sanders are okay) to smooth each area. Do not use rotary drill attachments (rotary sanders and rotary wire strippers), do not water blast or pressure wash, and do not sandblast. These abrasive methods may be too harsh to the siding itself. Pressure washing above 600 psi may force moisture into places where it should not go. A gentle garden hose for cleaning up is okay. 2. Thermal and Abrasive: Heating paint to a melting point and then scraping it from the surface.  For thick layers of built-up paint, use an electric heat plate, an electric heat gun, or a hot air gun that heats from 500 °F to 800 °F. The blow torch is not recommended. 3. Chemical and Abrasive: Using a chemical reaction to soften the paint to make it easier to scrape away. For many reasons, use chemicals only as a supplement to other methods of paint removal. They are too dangerous for you and the environment. Two classes of chemicals are solvent-based strippers and caustic strippers. A third category is biochemical, which may be marketed as bio- or eco- but its the chemical part that makes it work. Paint Removal Precautions Any house built before 1978 may have lead-based paint. Do you really want to remove it? Also, dont substitute speed for safety. Only use the recommended methods listed above. Keep yourself safe and your house in one piece. Paint Surface Conditions and Recommended Treatments Ask yourself why you want to paint your house. If there is no paint failure, adding another layer of paint may actually be harmful. When paint builds up to a thickness of approximately 1/16 (approximately 16 to 30 layers), say the authors of Preservation Brief 10, one or more extra coats of paint may be enough to trigger cracking and peeling in limited or even widespread areas of the buildings surface. Repainting buildings for cosmetic reasons are not always good reasoning. Sometimes you dont need to remove old paint at all, especially for these conditions: Dirt and Grime: Sometimes road dirt and salt can make siding look worse than it is. Clean it with l/2 cup of household detergent in a gallon of water with a medium soft bristle brush and then a gentle hosing.Mildew: Clean with a medium soft brush using one cup non-ammoniated detergent, one-quart household bleach, and one gallon of water. Try to open the area to the sun to avoid further mildew.Paint chalking is that white film on the surface of old paint that is breaking down. Clean the area with a medium soft brush using l/2 cup household detergent to one gallon of water.Stained paint occurs most often from metal or wood becoming moist and coloring the painted surface. Determine the cause of the stain, but its usually unnecessary to remove the paint. Limited paint removal can be considered for these conditions: Paint Crazing: Crazing is fine, jagged interconnected breaks in the top layer of paint. It happens when a house has many layers of paint that become hard and brittle, not allowing expansion and contraction with the wood. Sand off a layer and repaint.Paint Blistering: To distinguish between solvent blistering and blistering caused by moisture, a blister should be cut open.Wrinkled Paint: This happens when the paint has been put on incorrectly. The authors call this an error in application. In a historic building, leave a small out-of-the-way patch untouched for archival purposes. A record of all of the paint layers through the history of the house is useful for future historians. Unfortunately, some conditions require complete removal of exterior paint: Paint Peeling: Before painting, remove sources of moisture inside and outside, as described by the authors: Excess interior moisture should be removed from the building through installation of exhaust fans and vents. Exterior moisture should be eliminated by correcting the following conditions prior to repainting: faulty flashing; leaking gutters; defective roof shingles; cracks and holes in siding and trim; deteriorated caulking in joints and seams; and shrubbery growing too close to painted wood.Cracking and Alligatoring: These symptoms are advanced stages of crazing. General Paint Type Recommendations Paint type is not the same aa s paint color. The type of paint to choose depends on the conditions, and most old (historic) homes will have oil-based paint somewhere in the mix. Remembering that this article was written in 1982, these authors seem to like oil-based paints. They say, The reason for recommending oil rather than latex paints is that a coat of latex paint applied directly over old oil paint is more apt to fail. Justification for Paint Removal A major purpose for exterior paint is to keep the moisture out of your home. Often you dont need to remove paint down to the bare wood. To do so usually requires harsh methods that may damage the wood. Also, the layers of paint on a house are like the rings of a tree trunk - they provide a history that future owners may want to analyze in a laboratory during an architectural investigation. Painting a house every 5 to 8 years protects exterior wood siding from moisture penetration - and can add some zing to your homes curb appeal. Regular maintenance of a house will include mere cleaning, scraping, and hand sanding. Where there is a paint failure, determine and fix the cause before you even begin a painting project. Treating paint problems often means a total painting of the structure may be unnecessary. However, if you determine that you need to paint your house, keep two things in mind before you repaint: (1) only remove the top layer of paint down to the next sound layer; and (2) use the gentlest means possible. The authors summarize their findings by repeating their cautious approach to painting and paint removal. The bottom line is this: There is no completely safe and effective method of removing old paint from exterior woodwork. Learn More PDF Secretary of the Interiors Standards for the Treatment of Historic Properties With Guidelines for Preserving, Rehabilitating, Restoring, Reconstructing Historic Buildings by Kay Weeks and Anne E. Grimmer, 1995, revised 2017 by Anne E. GrimmerNotes: Headings are linked to the complete section of Preservation Brief 10 on the NPS website. Quotations are from that online version. The order of sections on this page may differ from the official version. A 12-page, black and white PDF version of Preservation Brief 10 is also available.

Learning The Portfolio Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Learning The Portfolio - Essay Example The cost of maintaining the program, personal cost, and the startup cost are examples of expenses that a DE student may encounter during his learning program. However, the success at the university would have a substantial effect on my life. As a practicing nurse, the success in GER 401 would give out a certification of my profession. This means that, without this achievement, I may not be able to advance into my profession. This post will respond to a post that was made by one of my classmates in regards to my earlier post. In his post, Greg argued that despite the fact that distance education students face a number of challenges, startup cost may not be regarded as one of the challenges. He added that the cost of starting up a distance education learning program only depends on the parents and administrators of the program. Even though the cost of starting a distance education is lower than the expected benefits, the startup cost is still extremely high to the students and their fa milies. Aside from the tuition fee for the program, there are other factors like the cost of accessing the Internet, cost of purchasing books and other study materials which may appear to be high to many students. This is a critical concern and should, therefore, never be ignored especially if the challenge of the DE students needs to be addressed. Portfolio Task 2 After locating the given article (Resistance training and older adults’ beliefs about psychological benefits: The importance of self-efficacy and social interaction. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 29(6), 723–746), the two selected sources from the reference list include: I. Takeshima, N., Rogers, N., Rogers, M., et al. (2008). Functional fitness in older adults varies depending on the mode of exercise. Med Sci Sports Exerc, 39, 2036–2043. II. Layne, J., Sampson, S., Mallio, C., et al. (2008). Success disseminating a strength community-based training program for old adults by professional le aders: the People Exercise Program. Journal of Am Geriatr Society, 56, 2323–2329. The first article was selected because it is an article which targets are similar to that of the given article. This means that both the first article and the given article to discuss the old adults. The second article was also selected since it discusses training just like the given article. Portfolio Task 3 The keyword used while searching for the database: exercise and the aged The database was chosen because it is an academic search premier (EBSCOhost): This database covers arts and literature and medical sciences. The two articles selected include I. McCormack, J. (2000). Looking back and moving forward? Ageing in Australia 2000. Ageing and Society, 20, 623–631. II. Brandon, L, Boyette, L, Lloyd, A, & Gaasch, D. (2004). Resistive training and long-term functions in an old adult. Journal of Aging and Physical Activity, 11, 10–28. Portfolio Task 4 In the article â€Å"The Crisi s of Our Ageing Population and Other Fairytales,† David Gould argues that there existed a prosperous and rich land. The people who lived in that land were growing to be old. In this case, the residents of that land drained the treasure of the country until everything was exhausted (COM, 2002). These people spent their remaining years in misery and poverty, transforming a wasteland economy to their children.

Explicate Descartes dream argument, taking care to lay out what it Essay

Explicate Descartes dream argument, taking care to lay out what it calls into doubt and the reason it does. How might you respon - Essay Example In Descartes’ dream argument, he casts several doubts about the things he knew. First, he does not believe that all the information received by our senses is accurate. After his revelation, he undertook an intellectual rebirth. His first prompt was to throw away everything he knew and believed in before proving himself that they were satisfactory. He concluded that it would be difficult to analyze each idea individually, instead, he attacked the foundation. In his argument, he states that he often dreams of things that seem real in his sleep. In one dream where he sits by a fire, he can feel the warmth of the fire just like when he is awake. He concludes that if his senses can convey warmth while he is dreaming, then he cannot trust the fire exists when he feels it in his waking life. He goes ahead to argue that if we dream that our hands and bodies exist then they actually do. Even if certain objects do not exist, the basic colors that compose them exist. He trusts his percep tions of the existence of self-evident truths such as shapes and numbers because he believes in an omnipotent God who created these things. It can be argued that when we are asleep we could feel things similar to when we are awake because we cannot tell whether we a dreaming or not. It leads one to wonder whether we could just be constantly dreaming instead of being awake. Questions continue to flow in the human brain whether the knowledge we are gaining at any given time is true. He further states that, he does not have a body, instead, it is a brain filled with information and illusions by a powerful being. Similarly, to justify that our senses deceive us, a person will have to recognize an error has occurred. In simple terms, one has to distinguish between being mistaken and being correct. It means one has to see the deceptions and avoid being deceived. Ironically, therefore, in the presentation of examples of how senses can deceive, one is also justifying that they can see throu gh deceptions. This undercuts the very claim argued. Therefore, when Descartes argues that he is deceived by his senses, he is indirectly arguing that he has seen through these deceptions. From Descartes’ explanations we can state that the difference between understanding and imagining is that, when we understand, the mind turns towards itself and inspects its ideas, but with imagining, the mind creates something in the physical world that matches with the thing in mind. We can say that imagination only exists due to the presence of the body. The thinker claims that it is impossible for us to tell whether we are dreaming or not. However, dreaming differs from being awake in many respects. He does not mean this literally though, he is merely trying to demonstrate that senses can be deceiving. First, the continuity available when one is awake does not exist in the dreamland. Things in the waking world remain the same daily unlike the dream world where things can change. Similar ly, the dream world and the waking world have different rules. For instance, in the dream world the dead can walk and humans can fly among other strange things. As such, Descartes’ arguments do not warrant the amount and degree of skepticism that he holds. Various key exceptions for Descartes’ arguments include, first, he does not consider even the existence of the external reality. Descartes’

Restaurant Business Essay Example for Free

Restaurant Business Essay The popularity of fast food establishments came in the 1980’s, and over the last years, the industry has consistently posted double-digit growth rates. Supporting human resources include hotel and restaurant managers and assistant managers, housekeeping supervisors, security personnel, chefs, cooks, waiters, bartenders, and other related workers and professionals directly involved in hotel and restaurant services. Francis Villaluz a director for marketing of Gerry’s Grill was asked how’s the  restaurant industry  doing these days and what’s its greatest challenge? He said â€Å"It’s still doing well, were still getting crowds. There’s still a need for it. The restaurant industry does have seasonality like other businesses. Gerry’s Grill  has 17 branches. Growth depends on the area you are in. According to our survey, restaurants are location-driven. People who eat in a certain branch live or work a few kilometers away. † Villaluz also mentioned that in the course of business, if sales will slightly go down, it means businessman have to reinvent and repackage. Manilareview. com reported that like every other country, the food industry has flourished very well in Philippines. Filipinos love to eat and that’s the reason why you will see a lot of restaurants and fast foods restaurants scattered in the cities. These restaurants and fast foods can be local or international food chains. Filipino food and chefs are considered one of the best in the world. It is hardly surprising that Filipino food is often labeled as somewhat strange (like the â€Å"balut† for example) but in its own way, its food is a unique mixture of eastern and western cuisines and reflects the history of Philippines. The Filipino food includes dishes and cooking procedures from China, Spain, Mexico, United States, and more recently from further abroad. However, what makes them Filipino is the history and society that introduced and adapted them; the people who turned them to their tastes and accepted them into their homes and restaurants, and specially the harmonizing culture that combined them into modern Filipino fare. Some of the popular fast food chains of Philippines are Jollibee, McDonald, KFC, Chowking, etc. and popular restaurants being Abe, Chelsea, Friday’s, Chili’s and a lot more. Attracting a huge crowd to restaurants or fast foods require more than just good food. Though important, good food is only a part of the total dining experience. Equally important is believed to be the way people feel while in the restaurant. This physical and emotional response is a result of the atmosphere, the total environment to which customers are exposed. The proper atmosphere can make the food, service and whole dining experience seem better. For that reason a restaurant or a fast food must take care of the following to please its customers. This includes checking the cleanliness of the place and freshness of the food, guarded premises, parking area where people can park, ambiance and landscaping, building design, lighting, and even music. FOREIGN Even in a business based on flavor, theres no need to sugarcoat the truth: The restaurant industry is facing hard times. In December, the National Restaurant Association (NRA) released its 2009 Restaurant Industry Forecast that predicted although 2009 restaurant industry sales will exceed $566 billiona 2. 5 percent increase from last yearthe numbers translate to an inflation-adjusted decline of at least 1 percent. And thats putting it kindly. Right now, credit is tight and investment capital is practically nonexistent. Inevitably, the consolidation of the banking industry will have a detrimental impact on restaurants nationwide.

Free Essay: Restructuring Relationships Shakespeares King Lear :: King Lear essays

Restructuring Relationships in King Lear The play of "King Lear" is about a search for personal identity. In the historical period in which this play is set, the social structure was set in order of things closest to Heaven. Therefore, on Earth, the king was at the top, followed by his noblemen and going all the way down to the basest of objects such as rocks and dirt. This structure was set up by the people, and by going by the premise that anything that is man made is imperfect, this system cannot exist for long without conflict. Through tattered clothes small vices do appear; Robes and furred gowns hide all. Plate sin with gold, And the strong lance of justice hurtles breaks; (IV, vi). The chaos that occurs in "King Lear" is due the reshaping of bonds within the society. Thus naturally, bonds must be broken, kept and most importantly, formed. This rearrangement of bonds is necessary to Lear understanding his personal identity. Bonds that are broken include those relations between King Lear and his two eldest daughters (Regan and Goneril), between Glouster and Edmund and also between Edmund and Edgar. Lear and Cordelia; Lear and Kent; Glouster and Edgar include those bonds that are existent at both the beginning and conclusion of the play. By the ending of the play, Lear is able to come to terms with himself and with nature. For the rearrangement of the bonds, it is necessary that those based on money, power, land, and deception be to abandoned. In the case of Lear and Goneril and Regan, his two daughters have deceived their father for their personal gain. Furthermore, they had not intended to keep the bond with their father once they had what they wanted. Goneril states "We must do something, and i' th' heat." (I, i, 355), meaning that they wish to take more power upon themselves while they can. By his two of his daughters betraying him, Lear was able to gain insight that he is not as respected as he perceives himself to be. The relationship broken between Edmund his half- bother, Edgar and father, Glouster is similarly deteriorated in the interest of material items. By the end of the play, Edgar has recognized who is brother really is and when he has confronted him says "the more th' hast wronged me...

Engineering the Impossible

Cities Inside a City Engineering the Impossible focused on three incredible, yet physically possible, engineering projects: the 170-story Millennium Tower, the nine mile (14 km)-long Gibraltar Bridge, and the 4000+-foot-long Freedom Ship. Millenium Tower Imagine a skyscraper almost twice the size of the Empire State Building. This colossus would be a city within a city, hosting its own hospitals, schools, and a range of entertainment and retail options large enough to attract and keep the traffic necessary for the financial success of such an endeavor. Stats:Height: 2,755 feet, 170 stories Resident Population: 52,000 Elevator Traffic: 100,000 people per day Location: Hong Kong Harbor Closest Living Relative: Petronas Towers, Kuala Lampur (1,483 feet, 88 stories) Construction Duration: Approximately 10 years Cost: $10 billion Beyond the physical challenges of building the tallest skyscraper in the world, it will only be successful if it attracts residents, tourists and offices. The Mi llennium Tower needs to offer many choices to make it a destination of choice. Residents can go to not just one grocery store, but many.Office workers can browse a few clothing stores on their level or the same amount 30 floors up. Tourists can find the movie they want in at least one of the many theaters available. Designers say Millennium Tower will house as many options as you'd find in several city blocks. Construction of the Millennium Tower will include traditional building techniques, that, in this case, will put ironworkers thousands of feet in the air to place 5-ton girders with a minimum of safety gear. But engineers are planning to also use a new technology — building by computer.The Self-Rising Factory is a set of computerized cranes and lifts surrounded by a weatherproof enclosure. According to a precise schedule, the steel beams are essentially handed to the machinery which then places them for workers to bolt together. Once the beams and concrete panels for eac h floor are complete, the machinery hoists the entire structure and the process starts over. Gibraltar Bridge A bridge spanning 9 miles over the Straits of Gibraltar at the entryway to the Mediterranean would be the longest and tallest ever built.It would connect cultures of Christianity and Islam and potentially increase ties between the economies of Europe and Africa. Stats: Location: Strait of Gibraltar. Links Spain and Morocco. Length: 9 miles, Two spans of 4 1/2 miles each Height: Each tower is 3,000 feet tall (twice as high as the world's tallest skyscraper) Width: 5 traffic lanes, 2 breakdown lanes in each direction Road Deck Material: Fiberglass Length of Wire Cables: 1,000,000 miles (Enough to circle the Earth almost 30 times) Closest living relative: Akashi bridge in Japan, world's longest suspension bridge at 12,828 feet.Cost: $15 billion Dangers: Wind speeds of 80 mph at tops of towers, ship collision, ocean currents, traffic, Sahara Desert dust storms Building a bridge the size and configuration of Gibraltar Bridge is usually protected by artificial islands so that ships run aground before they can do any damage to the structure. But building an artificial island in the ocean isn't an option. Instead designers envision a ring of underwater bumpers to withstand ship collisions. This could be impossible to span a 9-mile bridge but actually, they can.When determining the exact size of the bridge, designers had to choose between a shallow area that spanned 20 miles, which would have meant many piers in a busy shipping zone, and a narrow portion that's 2,700 feet deep. But designers lucked out. After closer inspection of the narrow portion revealed an underwater â€Å"mountain† in the center that could hold the center piers, dividing the bridge into to spans of 4 1/2 miles each. 5 lanes of traffic in either direction will flow over a roadbed made of spun glass.Fiberglass materials of this sort are rated 5 times stronger than concrete, and any cr acks or other damage could be isolated due to its web-like internal structure. Engineers say fiberglass bridge materials can last up to 100 years. They're also easier to install. A concrete roadway on the Gibraltar Bridge would take 3 months to pour as opposed to a few days or weeks with fiberglass. Freedom Ship Freedom Ship's designers originally planned to create an island community to provide Hong Kong-based businesses a place to relocate if the handover of that city to China were to make life difficult for them.When they applied the same model to a moving sea platform, they ended up with what would be the largest ocean-going vessel ever constructed — the minimum requirement for a city at sea. Stats: Length: Approximately 1 mile Width: 3 city blocks (4,320 feet) Height: 25 stories Weight: 3 million tons Volume: Titanic, Queen Mary, USS Nimitz and super-tanker Jahre Viking would all fit comfortably inside. Population: 50,000 residents, 15,000 workers, 20,000 visitors/day Co nstruction: Hull composed of 600 120'x100†² steel cells bolted together.Location: Circles globe every two years Closest Living Relative: Japan's Megafloat Airport, Tokyo Bay (1km long, 70 meters wide, 20 meters depth) (Series of interlocking pressurized steel boxes) Power: 100 electric podded propulsers at 3500 horsepower each. Cost: $9 billion Freedom Ship's designers say it will be able to handle tidal waves and large-scale hurricanes by steering out of their way to avoid them altogether. If a confrontation is unavoidable, they'll turn all of the ship's 100 propellers, pointing towards the center of the ship for stability.The ship's hull is composed of 600 huge air-tight steel boxes. A significant number of these would have to be punctured before residents noticed anything amiss. Freedom Ship's designers call it a floating sea platform. In simliar design, Japan's MegaFloat airport id built out of steel boxes bolted together to form a surface on the water. Whereas the airport is moored to keep it from drifting, Freedom Ship would be mobile. A structure this size couldn't be built in a traditional manner at a shipbuilding facility and subsequently be lauched into the sea.The construction on this project would instead take place in the water, with large pieces floated out to be attached on the site. Freedom Ship's designers aim to create a new lifestyle. Residents will have a homelife while constantly traveling. The ship would be like a â€Å"Disneyland† offshore, entertaining tourists with the amenities of a resort while residents enjoy daytrips in each port. If successfully built The Freedom Ship will be the largest ocean going vessel in history, it will become a luxury city afloat travelling the world.

Green Building

Table of Contents Introduction†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 1 I. Improving Energy Efficiency†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦1 II. Environmental Benefits of Building Green†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 9 III. Social Benefits†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 12 IV. LEED Certification†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 12 Conclusion†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 15 Work Cited†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 16 Figure 1†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢ € ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 3 Figure 2†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 5 Figure 3†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 5 Figure 4†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 6 Figure 5†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 7 Figure 6†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 9 Figure 7†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 9 Figure 8†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 10 Figure 9†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 2 Figure 10†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 13 Table I – Energy Costs†¦ †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 2 Table II – Top 10 Energy Saving Design Strategies†¦ 8 Executive Summary The environment has been a substantial topic of discussion lately. This is due to the lack of energy efficient products in our cars, homes, buildings, and construction. Healthcare facilities are one of the largest energy consumers in the country. There is so much need to keep up with life safety and health standards that the healthcare industry doesn’t look at the big picture of th e effects of energy conservation and the risks it could cause in the future.The purpose of this report is to inform healthcare officials and any individual that could be effected by not building green, the benefits of energy efficiency, environmental and social benefits, and last but not least Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design certification, or LEED certification. Energy efficiency plays the most important roll in building green. In order to save the environment in the future we must save energy. There are several different ways to do this.Using solar power energy would reduce the use of electricity by burning less coal, designing roofs to grow plans to reduce heat loss in the winter months and keep cool in the summer months and at the same time creating an eco-friendly habitat for nature, controlling the use of water efficiency, lighting efficiency by using natural light instead of artificial, using specific materials during building and everyday uses to be efficient, a nd using proper heating and cooling techniques. Environmental benefits help to increase to life expectancy of our environment by reducing our emissions output and control our waste management. You can read also Thin Film Solar CellInvolving more people into green building consists of social efficiency. Social efficiency creates a healthier lifestyle and improved health by adding a bike rack to the entrance of a building to encourage the idea of riding bikes to and from the building. Finally LEED certification regulates the way we build green to make sure it is regulated correctly. There are many incentives through LEED certification to build green. Green building in healthcare facilities is rapidly growing in both popularity and importance.There are many businesses that are taking advantage of this change, while at the same time encouraging more change. Introduction Green building in healthcare facilities is a significant start to making the environment healthy. Green building refers to using a process that is eco friendly throughout a building's life cycle. This begins from sitting to design, then construction, operation, maintenance, renovation, and eventually demolition . Green buildings are designed to reduce the impact on the environment and human health by using resources efficiently, reducing waste and pollution, and improving employee productivity.The main economic issue with hospitals is that they are not very environmentally friendly. With new technology there are many different ways to make a hospital environmentally friendly. It has been estimated that 30 percent of the health sectors energy use could be reduced by switching to renewable and more energy efficient sources at no cost to quality of care. (EPA) The Energy Star program has free energy audits for health care facilities as well as energy evaluation tools and information on how to purchase more energy efficient products.It also provides information on how to make your facility more efficient through simple steps like calibrating thermostats, turning off machines when not in use, and periodically checking for leaks in the hot water system. I. Improving Energy Efficiency Energy use in healthcare facilities is higher than nearly all other building types. With rising energy costs and climate change concerns energy efficiency is financially prudent and increasingly expected. Efficiency can be gained from integrated design practices, including systems to control heat gain, and increase the efficiency of heating, ventilation, and air conditioning systems. Eco-Building Products) A few reasons why energy efficiency is important are it increases energy efficiency and reduces climate impact. It also demonstrates environmental awareness, and improves patient and staff comfort with a green indoor environment. As well as improves facilities overall operational efficiency and reduces operational costs. Less than $2. 50| 12%| $2. 51 to $3. 00| 17%| $3. 01 to $4. 00| 28%| $4. 01 to $5. 00| 21%| $5. 01 to $6. 00| 11%| $6. 01 to $7. 00| 5%| $7. 01 to $8. 00| 3%| More than $8. 00| 3%|New developments are made everyday in the field of engineering that are meant to save energy an d protect the environment. This is a very important time to be conscious of energy consumption, due to  global warming. Naturally there will be experts constantly creating new technologies in this field, but another big question is whether there should be rules and regulations that force people to create or use green-engineered products. (History of the Refinements) While green building construction may appear costly for consumers, new developments in the engineering field are providing increasingly cost-effective solutions. Simple, Smart, Sustaining Solutions) Even though green engineering is coming to the forefront of society now, it has been around and developing for many years. Table I – Energy Costs Source: Slotten Annual Energy Costs Per Square Foot (estimated) A. Solar Energy Figure 1: Microsoft Solar energy is most definitely the greatest known form of energy conservation. Solar panels can decrease the energy consumption of a health facility drastically by producing their own energy from the sun. In some cases, hospitals can even give back excess energy to the  power grid. Solar panels gather and directly convert the sun’s energy into electricity.During the daylight hours, the photovoltaic cells which are arranged on a grid pattern on the solar panels surface collect the sunlight and turn it into electricity, the charger controller regulates the amount of energy sent to the batteries to avoid being overcharged. (Simple, Smart, Sustaining Solutions) Batteries store the energy to be used at night or when there is a blackout. However, solar power is only ideal for certain regions. While some areas get lots of direct sunlight every day, like Arizona, others get less sunlight or are often cloudy, like Alaska.This technology has been around for quite a long time, but it is still growing in popularity, as well as quality. An unusual and expensive technology ten years ago is now a cheaper, more common energy alternative. (History of the Refin ements) While most of these green engineering techniques give back to the environment by decreasing the amount of energy usage, some techniques can help the local habitat more directly. Another way to harness the sunlight is by using solar thermal energy. This is commonly used for heating and providing hot water. The other way to harness solar energy is though passive solar.Passive solar is known as direct gain and uses specific materials that can store the sun’s energy for future use. Although solar energy has its disadvantages, these will be out weighed by its advantages. Some of the solar advantages are solar energy is a renewable energy source, solar energy is no cost after the initial install, solar cells do not require much maintenance, they produce no noise unlike any other energy sources, solar panels are very reliable, and solar energy is clean it does not produce any pollution. B. Green Roofs Green roofs or â€Å"healing gardens† are becoming more popular and effective.A green roof is one with a layer of  soil and  vegetation growing on top of it. Having green roofs benefits the health facility as well as the patients’ recovery and the habitat in many ways. This helps the environment,  in that it provides a habitat for wildlife that was likely there before the building was built. The  water  runoff from the top of a green  roof also drains cleaner than it was before it hit the roof. With green roofs water is stored by the substrate and then taken up by the plants and then released back into the atmosphere though evaporation.In the summer green roofs can retain 70-90% of the precipitation that falls on them. (Going Green in America's Hospitals) In the winter they retain between 25-40%. (Green Building Services) Green roofs also reduce the amount of stormwater runoff and also delay the time at which run off occurs. This results in less stress on the sewer system during a strom. Green  roofs also  benefit the  buil ding, in that they are  a  great insulation, blocking out the hot sun in the summer, or keeping the heat  from  leaving the building in the  winter. (Green Building Services) C. Water EfficiencyFigure 3: Slotten Figure 2: Slotten Water is an increasingly visible and expensive resource. Process water used to operate building systems including (figure 4) boilers/chillers, (figure 3) cooling towers, and sterilizers comprise about 75 percent of hospital water use. (Green Building Elements) Reducing water use can lower operational costs and should be part of an integrative design process for construction. Another way to improve water efficiency would be to install flow control fixtures on all faucets. The average faucet puts out five gallons of water per minute.After installing flow control fixtures this would result in a water savings of 88 gallons per day, or 32,000 gallons of heated water per year, which would save $280 annually per sink. (History of the Refinements) You cou ld also install higher consumption toilets and urinals with ultra low flush toilets and urinals, which use 1. 6 gallons per flush. (Massachusetts Water Resources Authority) Some reasons why processing water efficiently is important are it reduces environmental impact, saves money and lowers the impact on drinking water sources and water ways receiving waste water.D. Lighting Efficiency People intuitively prefer natural light to artificial light. Daylight and optimized artificial lighting can benefit hospital employees, patients and visitors. With rising energy costs and climate change concerns, using energy efficiency is financially important and expected. (California Energy Commission) In addition, evidence suggests quantifiable benefits for staff retention, patient healing, and customer satisfaction. Some reasons why lighting efficiency is important is that it improves building aesthetics and the facilities overall operational efficiency.Studies show that it can potentially reduce staff error rates, increase staff retention, and help patient recovery. (Health Facilities Management) The use of natural light is becoming very popular in  new large  facilities. In figure 5 hospitals  can have many skylights and windows to get natural light deep into the interior. The artificial lights in Figure 4: Slotten the  building  could then dim or turn off when there is a sufficient amount of natural light. There are many windows and skylights emitting natural light. Most of these windows face the north, when possible, for the least amount of direct light. Simple, Smart, Sustaining Solutions) Direct sunlight into a building  could lead to  unwanted heating of the interior. There are also small overhangs outside the vertical windows in order to block direct sunlight as well as reflect sunlight onto the slightly angled ceiling. (Going Green in America's Hospitals) This ceiling then directs the light further into the building. Graham Construction is currently w orking on sectioning off  ceiling lights  to put separate sensors and dimmers on them so that they  adjust to different levels of natural light. E. Materials EfficiencySelecting sustainable construction materials is an important aspect of building a green hospital. The concept of sustainable building incorporates and integrates a variety of strategies during the design, construction and operation of building projects. Green building materials offer specific benefits to the building owner and its occupants. * Reduced maintenance/replacement costs over the life of the building. * Energy conservation. * Improved occupant health and productivity. * Lower costs associated with changing space configurations. * Greater design flexibility. Figure 5: MicrosoftBuilding and construction activities worldwide consume 3 billion tons of raw materials each year. (CalRecycle) Using green building materials and products promotes conservation of dwindling nonrenewable resources internationally. Integrating green building materials into building projects can help reduce the environmental impact associated with the extraction, transport, processing, fabrication, installation, reuse, recycling, and disposal of these building industry source materials. (CalRecycle) Green building materials are composed of renewable, rather than nonrenewable resources.Green materials are environmentally responsible because impacts are considered over the life of the product. Depending upon project specific goals, an assessment of green materials may involve an evaluation of materials. (Simple, Smart, Sustaining Solutions) Resource efficiency can be accomplished by using materials that are of recycled content, natural, plentiful, renewable, resource efficient manufacturing process, locally available, salvaged, refurbished, reusable, and durable. (EPA) Table II – Top 10 Energy Saving Design Strategies 8%| Commissioning of building energy systems| 34%| Integration of low-energy strategies i nto building design| 32%| Day lighting| 24%| Load-reduction strategies| 24%| Low-energy design consulting services| 21%| Energy modeling programs| 19%| Use of LEED certifications| 17%| Spectrally selective glazing| 7%| Renewable energy sources| 5%| Use of EPA’s Target Finder to assess the energy performance of the construction process| Source: Slotten F. Heating and Cooling One technique that is still developing is the conservation of clean  hot or cold air.The California Academy of Sciences building has vents that open on the domes to let out hot air as well as motorized windows to let in cool air. (Green Building Services) There is a constant battle between keeping a constant temperature while using the least amount of energy Figure 6: Slotten and keeping the air fresh. Most home heating and air conditioning (figure 7) systems advertise providing accurate temperature control as well as filtering mold, moisture, dust, and pollen. There is not yet technology that can meet t he same standards while using much less energy.Another way to improve heating and cooling of a hospital would be to incorporate refrigeration and air conditioning units. By incorporating these units into a cooling loop, the facility can reduce its amount of water consumption by 3 million gallons per year, which would save over $20,000 in annual water and sewer costs. (Massachusetts Water Resources Authority) II. Environmental Benefits of Building Green The environmental benefits include conservation of natural resources, waste reduction, improvement of air and water quality, and protection of the ecosystem. According to the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), U.S. buildings are responsible for 39% of total energy use, 12% of total water consumption, 68% of total electricity consumption and 38% of carbon dioxide emissions. (Going Green in America's Hospitals) A. Emission Reduction Figure 7: Slotten Pollutants released by fossil fuels contribute to global climate change, cause air quality issues such as acid rain and smog, and pose risks to human health. Green building techniques like solar powering, daylight, and public transport increase energy efficiency and reduce harmful emissions. Every Alegent Health hospital in Omaha and Council Bluffs has diesel-powered generators.Diesel fuel can be very harmful to your system when emitted into the air. Diesel exhaust (figure 8) has been found to contain many toxic air contaminants. Exposure to diesel exhaust can cause short-term symptoms such as headaches, dizziness, nausea, coughing, tightness of the chest, and irritation of the eyes. Although these generators rarely run they need to be tested weekly to ensure they are in proper working condition. Luckily there are now certain filters for this type of emission, yet many health facilities have not adopted the idea. B. Waste Reduction Figure 8: Slotten U. S. ospitals generate approximately 6,600 tons of waste daily and 85 percent of this is non hazardous waste such a s cardboard, food, glass, paper, and plastics that can be recycled. (Simple, Smart, Sustaining Solutions) Hazardous waste disposal is also a major problem in U. S. hospitals. Hazardous waste from hospitals must undergo at least four treatment processes before it arrives at the disposal site. A huge portion of solid waste in the United States is from construction and demolition. (Simple, Smart, Sustaining Solutions) Building deconstruction is the dismantlement of a building with intention of salvaging and recycling materials. Going Green in America's Hospitals) This can be used as an alternative to full-scale demolition, which results in a decrease of waste reduction. Several construction sites now have different dumpsters designated for specific materials this was it is easier to recycle the unused materials and all scrap materials such as metals, plastic, wood, and normal trash. Green construction can be implemented through choice of building materials as well. Seeking quickly rene wable resources to build with decreases the amount of  polluting manufacturing and slows the depletion of non-renewable resources.It is also environmentally, economically, and energy efficient to use materials that are close to the building site, decreasing the amount of oil use as well as air pollution. It would actually be very green, not to mention economically beneficial, to renovate an existing building rather than build a whole new one. This would prevent  the production of all new materials and save the ecosystem that the building would be destroying. C. Indoor Air Quality Indoor air quality is very important. People in industrialized nations spend about 90%of their time indoors. EPA) The bad thing is that most modern buildings can contain substances that are potentially hazardous to out health. These range form dust, to major irritants like chemical vapor off-gassing. (Healthy Air) Indoor air quality can be 10 times worse than outdoor air on smoggy days in big cities. (E PA) Many chemicals and Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC’s) found as contaminants in buildins are known to cause adverse effects on human health. (Simple, Smart, Sustaining Solutions) Though molds can cause allergic reactions, they can also cause chronic illness in humans.This affects not only the patients in a hospital but the employees. There is also a illness called â€Å"sick Building syndrome,† which is linked to poor indoor air quality and has even become an issue where lawsuits have been ensued. (Healthy Air) For over a decade product manufacturers in the building industry have been introducing products that reduce formaldehyde, VOC’s and other potential harmful chemicals. There is a wide range of products available that replace existing adhesives, flooring, paints and other finishes that are much healthier.Indoor air quality can be improved by using different types of materials that are non-toxic. These are materials that emit few or no carcinogens, or irr itants. Fresh air is also a critical component to optimal health. Ventilation provides control over ventilation rates and helps prevent mold. III. Social Benefits A. Improved Health Studies have shown that poor indoor environmental quality from insufficient air circulation, poor lighting, varying temperatures, and toxic paints contribute to respiratory problems, headaches, and allergies.Green building emphasizes ventilation and non-toxic materials that create healthier and more comfortable living environments. B. Healthier Lifestyle Figure 9: Slotten A key element of sustainable design is the preservation of natural environments, which afford a variety of recreation and exercise opportunities. (Bloomington) Green buildings also seek to facilitate alternatives to driving, such as bicycling and public transport, which eases local traffic while encouraging personal health and fitness.Having bicycle racks outside of health facilities, as well as and other building, will benefit from LEE D credits among many others. This will encourage more employees and occupants to ride bicycles to and from the hospital. IV. LEED Certification A. What Does LEED Stand For LEED stands for leadership in energy and environmental design. LEED measures sustainable sites, water efficiency, energy and atmosphere, materials and resources, indoor environmental quality, locations and linkages, awareness and education, innovation and design, and regional priority. (U.S. Green Building Council) There are currently  many forms of accreditation  existent today that encourage green construction, and  that is what most of them do they encourage green construction,  as opposed to mandating  it. The largest one of these is the LEED certification. B. History of LEED Figure 10: Microsoft After the first five years of LEED being launched, more than 2,700 buildings and projects registered for certification. (LEED Certification) 400 buildings have completed certification. This process usually t akes 3+ years from the time of registration. LEED Certification) The number of certifications that are completed is expected to rise quickly as more projects complete construction. C. How to Become LEED Certified LEED points are awarded on a one hundred point scales to reflect their environmental impacts. Buildings seeking LEED rating are subject to the cost of the certification process. Projects must be registered with the US Green Building Council. This costs $450 for members. (U. S. Green Building Council) Many buildings today are striving to gain one of the few  categories of LEED Certification.Seventy percent of new LEED Certified buildings fall under the new construction or major renovations category. A LEED certification is widely respected, creating an  encouragement and acceleration of  the adoption of green building techniques. Federal and state public buildings encourage LEED projects. D. LEED Credentials The credentials of a LEED Certification for a new building ar e based off of six categories: sustainable sites, water efficiency, energy and atmosphere, materials and resources, indoor environmental quality, and innovation and design process. LEED is even used  as a standard in mandatory ordinances.Boston was the first major city to mandate the use of green engineering in buildings. Starting in early 2007, any new building with over 50,000 square feet and any existing building over 100,000 square feet that is being renovated must obtain,  at least, the minimum LEED Certification. (U. S. Green Building Council) Although the LEED Certification series backed by the US Green Building Council is by far the most recognized and used form of accreditation, there are others. Labs21 is an accreditation that is specifically for labs and high performance facilities. It is sponsored by the U. S.Environmental Protection Agency and the U. S. Department of Energy. (U. S. Department of Energy) Energy Star is another program sponsored by these two governmen t agencies, although Energy Star is more involved with advertising energy efficient products and practices. Although they vary in specific tasks, all of these organizations share the same challenging goal of making technologies more energy efficient and eco-friendly while still being cost efficient. E. LEED Levels of Certification With each variety of certification, there come different levels: Certified, Silver, Gold, and Platinum. LEED Certification) Any of the levels of certification would gain the accredited building acknowledgment as well as the obvious environmental and economic benefits. LEED is a third-party certification program and  the nationally accepted benchmark for the design, construction and operation of high performance green buildings. (U. S. Green Building Council) F. Who Uses LEED The people that use LEED are professionals that include architects, interior designers, engineers, construction managers, and federal agencies. Conclusion Green building has already proved to be  successful in many large buildings.Green building in healthcare facilities is rapidly growing in both popularity and importance. There are many businesses that are taking advantage of this change, while at the same time encouraging more change. There are all sorts of companies selling green products, taking part in environmental activities, and encouraging in every way possible for consumers to go green. There is no doubt that a change must come quickly to halt a disaster that is condemning our planet. People  may have to alter their lifestyles in order to reverse the damage that has been done, and putting it off until tomorrow is not an option.In addition to saving the environment, the growing intelligence of green engineering and building construction will help consumers save money by reducing their energy consumption. As soon as new technologies are created, there is a constant evolution of that technology until it is perfected, making it affordable and user fri endly. If people harness these advances as they unfold and are proven sustainable, then they will be taking the road that leads back to a healthy prosperous earth as well as money in their wallet.

Free Essays on Evolution of Telephones

After the invention of the telephone instrument itself, the second greatest technological advance in the industry may have been the invention of automatic switching called Strowger switches, after Almon Brown Strowger, who invented the system because he didn’t trust his town’s human operators were connecting correct calls. Long-distance telephony was established in small steps. Â · The first step was the introduction of the long-distance telephone, originally a special highly efficient instrument permanently installed in a telephone company building and used for calling between cities. Â · The invention at the end of the 19th century of the loading coil (a coil of copper wire wound on an iron core and connected to the cable every mile or so) increased the speaking range to approximately 1,000 miles. Â · Until the 1910s the long-distance service used repeaters overcome with the invention of the triode vacuum tube, which amplified electrical signals. And until Direct Distance Dialing became available, all long-distance calls still required the assistance of an operator to complete. By adding a three-digit area code and developing more sophisticated switching machines, it became possible for subscribers to complete their own long-distance calls. The introduction of radio into the telephone set has been the most important recent development in telephone technology, allowing first the cordless phone and now the cellular phone. In addition to regular telephone service, modern cellular phones also provide wireless Internet connections, enabling users to send and receive electronic mail and search the World Wide Web. Answering machines and phones with dials that remember several stored numbers (repertory dials) have been available for decades, but because of their expense and unreliability were never as popular as they are today. Multifunctional telephones include automatic answering and message-recording capability. Videophone... Free Essays on Evolution of Telephones Free Essays on Evolution of Telephones After the invention of the telephone instrument itself, the second greatest technological advance in the industry may have been the invention of automatic switching called Strowger switches, after Almon Brown Strowger, who invented the system because he didn’t trust his town’s human operators were connecting correct calls. Long-distance telephony was established in small steps. Â · The first step was the introduction of the long-distance telephone, originally a special highly efficient instrument permanently installed in a telephone company building and used for calling between cities. Â · The invention at the end of the 19th century of the loading coil (a coil of copper wire wound on an iron core and connected to the cable every mile or so) increased the speaking range to approximately 1,000 miles. Â · Until the 1910s the long-distance service used repeaters overcome with the invention of the triode vacuum tube, which amplified electrical signals. And until Direct Distance Dialing became available, all long-distance calls still required the assistance of an operator to complete. By adding a three-digit area code and developing more sophisticated switching machines, it became possible for subscribers to complete their own long-distance calls. The introduction of radio into the telephone set has been the most important recent development in telephone technology, allowing first the cordless phone and now the cellular phone. In addition to regular telephone service, modern cellular phones also provide wireless Internet connections, enabling users to send and receive electronic mail and search the World Wide Web. Answering machines and phones with dials that remember several stored numbers (repertory dials) have been available for decades, but because of their expense and unreliability were never as popular as they are today. Multifunctional telephones include automatic answering and message-recording capability. Videophone...